Food systems around the world face serious social, nutritional, and environmental challenges, and must evolve to meet new, multiple, and interrelated objectives. As public policies are reshaped to support this transformation, two fundamental factors must be considered: (1) Technological innovations are required to meet the demand for higher productivity in an environmentally friendly manner. (2) Smooth international trade flows are essential and require improved trade rules to facilitate flows from countries with the greatest potential for supply growth based on environmentally friendly production systems to countries with the greatest limitations in achieving food self-sufficiency.